Accelerating globalization of science, the evolution of new technologies and virtual research environments and the development of new poles of scientific creativity and excellence provide opportunities for increasing scientific output. These developments affect the way we produce, share, and use knowledge. They also lead us into new territory regarding the governance of international collaboration in science. First, the need to be able to trust other scientists is greater than ever because of virtual research environments and remote access to facilities with instrumentation so sophisticated that few understand how they work, and still less understand whether the data they send for analysis may have been corrupted or manipulated. How is responsibility to be assigned? Second, when there are different ethical standards and contexts depending on the country, for example, regarding clinical trials or safety issues, how do we draw the line? Third, what is the best way to deal with international property rights (IPR) disputes resulting from international cooperation in science and technology? Lastly, does peer review provide the best approach to guaranteeing credibility in science? Does it allow fair coverage of the best science, regardless of its geographic origin? This symposium will examine whether we need new internationally agreed upon standards or new policy instruments for international collaboration in science. Do we need a global organization for international science?