Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and the Economy Advanced manufacturing is the source of most innovation and a critical component of a vital economy with large economic spillovers to other sectors. The sector is becoming increasingly automated and customized, setting the stage for new opportunities for manufacturing at both local and national levels. This symposium starts with two U.S.-centric case studies on the role of additive manufacturing in transforming manufacturing over the next 20 years and how the emergence of robots is changing manufacturing today. The session then shifts to an international perspective to discuss the emergence of advanced manufacturing in China, enhanced by a highly innovative kind of integrated production scale-up capability emerging there. The last half of the symposium identifies the organizational challenges for the U.S. innovation system with an overview of the manufacturing ecosystem and the status of current policies. It includes discussion of major executive branch initiatives using public-private-academic partnership models to provide a new kind of government support for the prototyping/testbed stage of innovation in advanced manufacturing. The symposium provides industry, academic, and science policy views on manufacturing and the challenges facing the United States and other nations.