An international process is underway to define the meaning of the human right to “enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications.” Scientists are being called upon to bring their voices, interests, and insights to this process. One of the toughest questions to be answered is how to reconcile the need for incentives for innovation, including profit and the protections of intellectual property, with universal access to essential technologies and scientific applications. This symposium will canvass a number of innovative strategies and proposals for giving marginalized individuals access to the benefits of scientific progress. Specifically, we will ask: What incentives are required to encourage innovation into neglected diseases? Do governments have an obligation to prioritize research and development funding for projects that will advance the needs of the poor and marginalized? What innovative strategies have private sector technology developers created to ensure marginalized individuals have access to their products and to encourage open access to the data and research facilities they own? How might university technology transfer offices engage in socially responsible licensing? Throughout, our panelists will highlight challenges and recommend approaches for implementing these strategies to give everyone meaningful access to the benefits of scientific progress.