Coral reefs are overfished; there are too many people and too few fish for harvest to continue at its present rate. While some level of fishing may be ecologically sustainable, it remains an open question whether fishermen can make a living in such a scenario. Can artisanal fishing on coral reefs be sustainable at an economically viable level? What are the ecological limits to reef fishery sustainability? These are important questions because reef resources are critical to the welfare of tens of millions of people in developing countries. Although many answers may be location-dependent, this symposium will explore current research on coral reef ecology, fisheries management, sociology, and economics to develop a framework for how to manage fishing on coral reefs. Applying their expertise on reefs from Indonesia to Jamaica to Papua New Guinea, presenters will attempt to identify the scale (e.g., numbers of fishermen, types of gear) at which sustainable harvest is possible. They will discuss hindrances to sustainability, provide examples of sustainably fished reefs, describe an ideal reef fishing regime, and suggest how best to move management in that direction.