The problem of falsified and substandard medicines is a global public health crisis. Up to 90 percent of antimalarials in surveys done in Asia and Africa are reported to be falsified or substandard. These conditions expose patients, health-care workers, and governments to increases in morbidity, mortality, economic loss, and drug resistance. Recent reports of poor quality rapid diagnostic tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria highlight the importance of improved quality control of medical products beyond drugs. Whereas fraud and poor quality commodities are prosecuted in almost every industry, few organizations or governments are challenging drug counterfeiting assertively. No one solution exists for addressing the production and distribution of fake medicines; a multifaceted approach is required to successfully address this global health and human rights crisis. The greatest needs in dealing with these drugs are as follows: more information on the locations and scope of the problem; faster, reliable lab, survey, and field technologies for chemical and packaging analysis; policies for national and international drug regulation; and legislation for dealing with malfeasance. Speakers will provide scientific, technological, private industry, and policy perspectives on addressing poor quality medicines. Production of bona fide biologicals and devices continue to move abroad. Because fake and substandard products are clouding the marketplace, there is urgency for public-private collaboration to address this scourge.