Observations for Understanding Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions

The ocean and atmosphere are a coupled system, influencing each other on a range of scales and creating phenomena such as ocean waves, land-sea breezes, marine fogs, storm surges, ocean currents, typhoons, and seasonal (e.g. monsoon) through to decadal variability. Ship observations have been collected historically; recent decades have seen the addition of ocean networks that have enabled observation of global-scale coupled processes and underpinned advances in understanding and prediction.