Biofuels from energy crops and inedible agricultural products (such as straw) offer promise as a domestic source for transportation fuel. But before biofuels can compete economically, the logistics of harvesting, storing, and transporting feedstock material to biorefineries must be optimized. Harvesting wheat straw and corn stalks that are traditionally left in the field cannot affect soil health or farmer productivity. Seasonal feedstocks must withstand long-term storage without rotting. And biomass must be ground and compacted in a way that makes industrial-scale transportation and handling efficient and economical. An international panel of symposium speakers from diverse agencies will explain how academia, government, and industry are collaborating to research and demonstrate solutions. They will discuss how the food versus fuel issue can be solved, sustainable planting and landscape management, spoilage and long-distance transport, interfacing with biorefineries, and risks associated with the budding biorefinery business model.