Thermal and chemical burns as well as chemical injury to the skin, eye, and lung invoke a vast tissue and cellular response followed by the initiation of wound-healing mechanisms. Stem cells may be defined as undifferentiated cells that have the capacity for self-renewal and may differentiate into many different cell types when stimulated by specific cellular signals. Injury to stem cell tissue populations has immense implications for normal repair and restoration of tissue function after chemical injury. Research on stem cells, such as epidermal stem cells, dermal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, has shown that all have the potential to repair and restore structure and function to the skin and eye after extensive injury. An overview of recent advances in dermal-, ocular-, and pulmonary-induced injury related to stem cells will be presented along with potential stem cell– and other cell-based therapies as they relate to tissue repair and wound healing.