The world is faced with a growing problem of food security, defined as the reliable availability of a sufficient quantity and quality of nutritious food for a population. The global population is expected to reach 9 billion people by the year 2050, and the United Kingdom has recognized that it is necessary to address the problem of food security now. As the global population grows, there will be an increasing demand on food resources, as agricultural producers will be faced with trying to grow more crops with limited or changing resources. Therefore, the Prime Minister requested the United Kingdom’s Foresight Program (a U.K. government office charged with completing in-depth studies examining major issues 20–80 years in the future), to investigate the issue of food security in the context of the question posed in the title of this session. Therefore, this session will investigate the science and policy options for how to effectively address issues relating to food security and to inform the U.K. and U.S. policy communities. The United Kingdom would like to investigate opportunities to work with the United States and with other nations to ensure a safe and sustainable food supply in the future, as well as to promote the key project findings that resonate with each country faced with this potentially daunting challenge.