This workshop will compare research and development (R&D) careers for physical and life scientists in academe, including research universities and 2- and 4-year colleges; industry; and government, with the goal of helping graduate students and postdocs make an informed choice among them. Included for each of these career paths will be discussions of type of work, job responsibilities, degree of translational (applied) research, and development, with examples and how they apply. Participants will have the opportunity to question the presenter, to work in small groups, to do a self-analysis of career objectives, and to discuss career path options.