Half the world’s 6 billion people live on US$2 a day or less; 1 billion, at the very bottom of the economic pyramid, lives on less than US$1 a day and are predominantly found in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. These regions are home to a population that is chronically or acutely malnourished. Furthermore, Sub-Saharan Africa, with 16 of the 18 most undernourished countries, remains the only region where per-capita food production continues to decline every year. Approximately 50 percent of the hungry are in smallholder farming households. The challenge of reducing or eliminating hunger is closely linked to success in other goals. For example, nearly 57 percent of malaria deaths are attributable to malnutrition. Governments in these countries are the primary source of recourses for science and technology (S&T). Despite the apparent recognition of the importance of S&T for socioeconomic growth and poverty reduction, the full benefit of S&T has not been achieved, calling for alternative approaches. In response, S&T approaches directly targeting smallholders that resemble venture capital companies (social entrepreneurs) are on the rise. Panelists in this session have success stories to share. Their presentations will teach lessons they have learned in the development and deployment of S&T solutions to problems at the bottom of the economic pyramid.