Translational and Personalized Medicine During the past 10 years, basic scientists have provided clinicians with new tools for use in patients and for impact assessment, and clinical researchers have made novel observations about the nature and progression of disease that stimulate basic investigations. A new breed of scientist, the clinician-researcher, has evolved to take on translational medicine challenges. To prevent barriers between clinical and basic research, increased further by the complexities of conducting interdisciplinary research, different funding mechanisms became available at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), such as the Clinical and Translational Science Awards, and at nonprofit organizations such as the Biomarkers Consortium and the C-Path Institute. A novel set of review criteria for interdisciplinary projects also was developed by funding agencies to stimulate translational research. This session focuses on the criteria for evaluating translational research and the effectiveness of the NIH Roadmap and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Critical Path Initiative. It will also cover new paradigms for drug development with an emphasis on biomarker and imaging endpoints. Finally, the speakers will attempt to glance at the future, predicting where translational medicine might be in 2020.